Flu (Influenza): Symptoms and Treatment

Seasonal Flu is one of the most contagious and widespread illnesses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, there are approximately 3 to 5 million severe cases annually, with fatalities ranging from 290,000 to 650,000, particularly among the elderly and those with chronic diseases.

About Flu

Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory system, common in winter. It spreads through droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking from an infected person to a healthy one. It can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

People with the flu can be contagious a day before symptoms appear. The incubation period, the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, ranges from 1 to 4 days.

Symptoms of Influenza

Flu symptoms often resemble those of the common cold, as both infect the upper respiratory tract, but flu symptoms are usually more severe and can lead to complications.

Common flu symptoms include:

• Feeling cold
• Fever up to 39°C (102°F)
• Sore throat
• Dry cough
• Severe headache
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Joint and muscle pain
• Nasal congestion
• Loss of smell
• Fatigue
• Nausea and vomiting

Not all symptoms may appear in every patient. Symptoms can be intense and sudden, lasting a few days to two weeks.

Complications such as viral pneumonia, sinusitis, and ear infections can occur, particularly in children under 5, adults over 65, those with chronic diseases, and pregnant women.

Preventing Influenza

Vaccination is the best prevention method and should be done at least two weeks before exposure to the virus. Annual vaccination is recommended starting at 6 months of age, especially for those at higher risk of complications.

Other preventive measures include:

• Avoiding touching the face, eyes, nose, and mouth
• Regular hand washing with soap and using alcohol-based hand sanitizers
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
• Cleaning surfaces regularly
• Avoiding crowded places or wearing a mask
• Boosting the immune system by:
  – Getting enough sleep and rest
  – Engaging in moderate physical activity and regular exercise
  – Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet
  – Staying hydrated

Treating Influenza

Mild flu symptoms usually resolve on their own with rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter medications for fever and cough.

In some cases, severe symptoms may indicate complications, requiring pain relievers, antiviral medications, decongestants, or emergency medical attention.

To prevent the spread of influenza, it is advisable for infected individuals to stay home, avoid contact with others, cover their nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, and dispose of tissues safely and promptly.